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= Installing and Running Cumulus = | = Installing and Running Cumulus = | ||
== Should I use Cumulus 1 or Cumulus 2 or Cumulus 3 (MX)? == | |||
I have no recommendations one way or the other. The main decision is whether you are happy with the different architecture of MX, and whether you can live without those facilities in Cumulus 1 yet to be added to MX. | |||
Cumulus 1 is a finished version, and because the development environment is obsolete no further changes are possible. Cumulus 1 is reliable and has more functionality to cope with problems if your weather station set-up may experience problems. | |||
Cumulus 2 explored an improved data approach using UTC and having better handling of rainfall. Although it was hoped it would make enhancement easier, and allow use of alternative languages possible, it proved too complicated. and has been abandoned and is no longer available. Subsequently, some of the developments in Cumulus 2 were ported into new version 1.9.0, and remain in final Cumulus 1. | |||
Cumulus 3 is a new rewrite also known as Cumulus MX, using a different architecture (partly inspired by Cumulus 2), but it is still in beta. Although it provides some enhancements in functionality and will run on a range of platforms, there are several key pieces of functionality that have not been made available in Cumulus MX. It can be used in a production system as it has good reliability, but perhaps should be avoided in a few rare cases where people's systems are not very reliable. | |||
== What operating systems does Cumulus run on? == | == What operating systems does Cumulus run on? == | ||
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== Where do I find the Cumulus installer? == | == Where do I find the Cumulus installer? == | ||
All available via the [[Software|downloads page]] in this Wiki | |||
== What do I need to get right when first getting Cumulus? == | == What do I need to get right when first getting Cumulus? == | ||
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== Why haven't you added the feature I asked for a long time ago? == | == Why haven't you added the feature I asked for a long time ago? == | ||
I develop and support Cumulus in my spare time, and I have a full time job. I invite donations, but I don't make a living from Cumulus. I add facilities when I can. There is a long list of [ | I develop and support Cumulus in my spare time, and I have a full time job. I invite donations, but I don't make a living from Cumulus. I add facilities when I can. There is a long list of [https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/tracker.php enhancement requests] already, and I am slowly working my way through them as time permits. If there is an enhancement request for the facility you have asked for, and the facility is a reasonable one (in my opinion) then I will hopefully get around to adding it one day. Please be patient. Please don't ask for a forecast of when a feature will be added. | ||
== How do I upgrade to a new release? == | == How do I upgrade to a new release? == | ||
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These instructions apply whether you are updating by one build, skipping several builds, upgrading to/from a beta version, or installing the latest 'release' version. | These instructions apply whether you are updating by one build, skipping several builds, upgrading to/from a beta version, or installing the latest 'release' version. | ||
The installer will always upgrade the following files (replacing them, ignoring existing versions): | '''Cumulus 1 only:''' | ||
The Cumulus 1 installer will always upgrade the following files (replacing them, ignoring existing versions): | |||
# "cumulus.exe"; - the latest build | # "cumulus.exe"; - the latest build | ||
# "unins000.exe"; | # "unins000.exe"; | ||
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*So tick this option, if you have a standard Cumulus implementation and then you can be sure to upgrade the standard templates. | *So tick this option, if you have a standard Cumulus implementation and then you can be sure to upgrade the standard templates. | ||
*Untick this option if you have [[Customised_templates#Creating_Your_Own_Templates|customised the existing pages]], so that if your customised versions are in "web\*.*" they don't get overwritten. It is recommended that you store any customised pages in a directory outside the Cumulus folder, as you can specify up to 10 such files on the local side of the files tab in the Configuration menu Internet settings screen and (if you are not using standard files) untick ''Include Standard Files'' on the same screen. (100 such files can be specified in [[Cumulus.ini]]). | *Untick this option if you have [[Customised_templates#Creating_Your_Own_Templates|customised the existing pages]], so that if your customised versions are in "web\*.*" they don't get overwritten. It is recommended that you store any customised pages in a directory outside the Cumulus folder, as you can specify up to 10 such files on the local side of the files tab in the Configuration menu Internet settings screen and (if you are not using standard files) untick ''Include Standard Files'' on the same screen. (100 such files can be specified in [[Cumulus.ini]]). | ||
== Changing to different weather station == | == Changing to different weather station == | ||
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Yes is the answer for other weather information, providing you can manipulate the information you have into either (preferably) the format used by the [[Monthly_log_files#Importing_pre-Cumulus_data]] or (second best) [[Dayfile.txt]]. Look up those cross-references in this Wiki (or the Cumulus '''Help''') for further information on required formats. The support forum includes a few threads related to this topic, and if you post there then people who have already imported from particular systems may offer their services to import your past observations. | Yes is the answer for other weather information, providing you can manipulate the information you have into either (preferably) the format used by the [[Monthly_log_files#Importing_pre-Cumulus_data]] or (second best) [[Dayfile.txt]]. Look up those cross-references in this Wiki (or the Cumulus '''Help''') for further information on required formats. The support forum includes a few threads related to this topic, and if you post there then people who have already imported from particular systems may offer their services to import your past observations. | ||
A converter for Weather Display log files is available from this thread in the forum: | A converter for Weather Display log files is available from this thread in the forum: https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=10118 | ||
A converter for WeatherLink log files is available from this thread in the forum: | A converter for WeatherLink log files is available from this thread in the forum: https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=11349 | ||
== I was away on the last day of last month/year - How do I see the final lowest and highest figures for last month/year? == | == I was away on the last day of last month/year - How do I see the final lowest and highest figures for last month/year? == | ||
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== Where does Cumulus get its this month and this year rainfall totals from? == | == Where does Cumulus get its this month and this year rainfall totals from? == | ||
* The rainfall totals (for this month, year, and season), are initialised when Cumulus is (re-)started by adding up the corresponding daily totals in [[dayfile.txt]] and storing those sums in memory. | |||
** The rainfall totals shown on the ''This period'', ''This month'', and ''This year'' screens within the '''View''' menu in Cumulus 1 are generated by adding up the daily rainfall totals found in [[dayfile.txt]] for the selected period. Using default settings via '''View''' menu in Cumulus 1, ''This month'' screen for this month excluding today, ''This year'' screen for this calendar year (this does always start on 1 January, unless you only started using Cumulus after that) excluding today. ''Note any rainfall for the current (meteorological) day is excluded as the latest dayfile.txt row is for yesterday.'' Totals can be shown for any past period, by selecting the required dates, the figures are recalculated when you press the ''Update display'' button and will include all days available in dayfile.txt for the chosen period. ''Important note: The view menu 'This year' screen always calculates the total for a selected calendar year starting in January.'' | |||
* The rainfall totals, are initialised when Cumulus is (re-)started by adding up the corresponding daily totals in dayfile.txt and storing those sums in memory | ** Cumulus MX builds below 3008 do not include rainfall for year to date, other rainfall calculation items were fixed in 3022 to 3042, you should use latest build for best functionality. | ||
* The rainfall totals shown on the ''This period'', ''This month'', and ''This year'' screens within the '''View''' menu are generated by adding up the daily rainfall totals found in [[dayfile.txt]] for the selected period. | |||
* | * Each time Cumulus (both 1 and MX) reads records from the weather station it applies any change to the 'total rain count' against today's total in its memory. | ||
* For the web tags, Cumulus takes its stored sums and adds today's latest total each time, to give the current totals for this month and this rain season (year so far) when processing 'thismonthT.htm' and 'thisyearT.htm' web templates. | **As you will see if you look in [[diags]], Cumulus stores the 'total rain count' figure at rollover, so by maintaining the current figure it can subtract off the start of day figure to deduce the rainfall today and this is shown on the front screen in Cumulus 1, labelled ''Today''. In Cumulus 1 the '''Edit''' menu gives access to the ''Today's rain'' screen and that provides the ability to edit the strt of day figure so that the figure shown for today is correct. Equivalent functionality is provided in Cumulus MX. If there is no rain in a day, the start of day count will be the same at the start of the next day. | ||
**Today's rain is added to the figures (as described above) derived from dayfile.txt for what the front screen in Cumulus 1, labels '''This month''', and ''This year'' (this last figure is the seasonal total, you can choose for it to start on 1 January or any other month). Thus these figures are updated each time Cumulus receives a rain reading from the station (they all include today-so-far), and these figures will not be displayed if Cumulus is unable to read rain information from your station. | |||
** The today's total so far at each reading time is also added to the 'recent tag' array allowing total values for the day-so-far at one minute intervals for up to a week ago to be added as web tags to a web template. | |||
* For the web tags, Cumulus (both 1 and MX) takes its stored sums and adds today's latest total each time, to give the current totals for this month and this rain season (year so far) when processing 'thismonthT.htm' and 'thisyearT.htm' web templates. | |||
**Important, for the <#ryear> web tag, and for the 'This year' display on the ''main'' Cumulus screen, the processing reads the ''dayfile.txt'' for the rainfall season starting with the month set on the station settings screen and stored as the value for attribute ''RainSeasonStart'' in [[Cumulus.ini#Section:_Station]] (its default is January). | **Important, for the <#ryear> web tag, and for the 'This year' display on the ''main'' Cumulus screen, the processing reads the ''dayfile.txt'' for the rainfall season starting with the month set on the station settings screen and stored as the value for attribute ''RainSeasonStart'' in [[Cumulus.ini#Section:_Station]] (its default is January). | ||
**If you have set a 'year to date' value and Cumulus is being re-started when the year specified beside that figure matches the current year, your year-to-date amount is also added into this year's total. This should normally only be relevant in your first rain season of operating Cumulus, but could be used if in any season you needed to add an extra amount because for some reason you had a gap in your recording period. | **If you have set a 'year to date' value and Cumulus is being re-started when the year specified beside that figure matches the current calendar year, your year-to-date amount is also added into this year's total. This should normally only be relevant in your first rain season of operating Cumulus, but could be used if in any season you needed to add an extra amount because for some reason you had a gap in your recording period. ''Do be aware that if you select a rain season starting in a month other than January, the year to date figure will stop being added on 1 January because the year specified next to the figure to add on will then be the previous calendar year!'' | ||
**There is no corresponding setting for | **There is no corresponding setting for amending the total for the first 'this month' of Cumulus operation. The only way round this is to manually change the rainfall in dayfile.txt for the first day of operation to include rainfall on all previous days of month, but that could potentially cause you to set the maximum daily rainfall extreme record wrongly. | ||
*Note that you need to stop and then restart Cumulus to update these initial values that are stored in memory and get any corrections you made to rogue values in the daily summary log (or year-to-date) reflected on the main Cumulus screen and in web tags. | *Note that you need to stop and then restart Cumulus to update these initial values that are stored in memory and get any corrections you made to rogue values in the daily summary log (or year-to-date) reflected on the main Cumulus screen and in web tags. | ||
The built-in dayfile.txt editor is used if it is necessary to amend the daily totals (to correct any monthly, rain season, or calendar year, totals); the built-in all-time (or monthly records) editor(s) in Cumulus is used if it is necessary to regenerate the extreme records from dayfile.txt; see [[#My_station_invented_some_rain_that_didn.27t_really_occur.2C_and_I_want_to_set_it_to_zero_.28or_some_other_figure.29 |FAQ about correcting incorrect rainfall displays]]. | The built-in dayfile.txt editor is used if it is necessary to amend the daily totals (to correct any monthly, rain season, or calendar year, totals); the built-in all-time (or monthly records) editor(s) in Cumulus 1 is used if it is necessary to regenerate the extreme records from dayfile.txt; see [[#My_station_invented_some_rain_that_didn.27t_really_occur.2C_and_I_want_to_set_it_to_zero_.28or_some_other_figure.29 |FAQ about correcting incorrect rainfall displays]]. | ||
== How do I reset all my data to start again from scratch? == | == How do I reset all my data to start again from scratch? == | ||
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3 options: | 3 options: | ||
*You can install Cumulus on more than one | *You can install Cumulus 1 (or MX) on more than one machine, but each copy must connect directly to its own weather station (one station connected per Cumulus installation). | ||
*You can install 2 copies of Cumulus in different paths on a single PC, ''if you have two weather stations'' and Cumulus is able to distinguish between them, e.g. they are from different manufacturers, or both are serial port stations (different ports), or one is USB and one is serial, or one is a Weatherlink IP. In other words the combination that does not work on a single PC is two USB stations from the same manufacturer. Note that Davis stations with USB loggers are serial port stations as far as Cumulus is concerned, so there are no problems using multiple copies of Cumulus with multiple Davis stations on the same PC. | *You can install 2 copies of Cumulus 1 in different paths on a single PC, ''if you have two weather stations'' and Cumulus is able to distinguish between them, e.g. they are from different manufacturers, or both are serial port stations (different ports), or one is USB and one is serial, or one is a Weatherlink IP. In other words the combination that does not work on a single PC is two USB stations (including clones from different suppliers) from the same manufacturer. Note that Davis stations with USB loggers are serial port stations as far as Cumulus is concerned, so there are no problems using multiple copies of Cumulus with multiple Davis stations on the same PC. (Same rules for two copies of Cumulus MX). | ||
*It is possible to back up the Cumulus files from one installation running off a weather station, and briefly have another reduced functionality copy just looking at historic data without ever any updating (the second Cumulus is set up as if reading from an EasyWeather.dat file, but not given a path/file name) - see [[Cumulus.ini#Introduced_for_problems_with_Fine_Offset_family:|Easyweather.dat section here]]. | *It is possible to back up the Cumulus files from one installation running off a weather station, and briefly have another reduced functionality copy just looking at historic data without ever any updating (the second Cumulus is set up as if reading from an EasyWeather.dat file, but not given a path/file name) - see [[Cumulus.ini#Introduced_for_problems_with_Fine_Offset_family:|Easyweather.dat section here]]. | ||
Don't attempt to run Cumulus 1 and MX at same time, they cannot share a single weather station. | |||
= Troubleshooting = | = Troubleshooting = | ||
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== How to restore a corrupted log file == | == How to restore a corrupted log file == | ||
Full information about all the log files is | Full information about all the log files is elsewhere [[try |Category:Log_Files]], so you can study the notes linked from there, but here is a very quick summary. | ||
''These notes are written for Cumulus 1, some attempt is made to also cover Cumulus MX, but the way that date/times are stored in Cumulus 1 and Cumulus MX files can be different, particularly for the '*.ini' files; consequently this summary does not cover any problems in files that have been ported from Cumulus 1 to Cumulus MX. '' | |||
Both Cumulus 1 and Cumulus MX create a copy of each of the logs in the backup folder, both at end of day rollover, and when the software is (re-)started. If the corrupted file in 'data' folder is a log holding extremes (not the detailed log created for each month nor 'today.ini'), then the easiest way to remove false extremes recorded recently is to to overwrite the current file with the one from the most recent back-up. Since 'today.ini' is updated very frequently (every time Cumulus interogates your weather station), it is not advised that you overwrite that file, unless you are able to do a rewind as described in [[#On_restarting_Cumulus.2C_it_did_not_successfully_read_all_data_from_when_it_last_ran|earlier]] answer. If you were to use the backup folder copy of the detailed log, you would lose all of the stored values since the backup, so again only do that in a rewind context where all the files from the backup are overwriting those in data folder, and you simply want to copy in what is still in any station logging memory. | Both Cumulus 1 and Cumulus MX create a copy of each of the logs in the backup folder, both at end of day rollover, and when the software is (re-)started. If the corrupted file in 'data' folder is a log holding extremes (not the detailed log created for each month nor 'today.ini'), then the easiest way to remove false extremes recorded recently is to to overwrite the current file with the one from the most recent back-up. Since 'today.ini' is updated very frequently (every time Cumulus interogates your weather station), it is not advised that you overwrite that file, unless you are able to do a rewind as described in [[#On_restarting_Cumulus.2C_it_did_not_successfully_read_all_data_from_when_it_last_ran|earlier]] answer. If you were to use the backup folder copy of the detailed log, you would lose all of the stored values since the backup, so again only do that in a rewind context where all the files from the backup are overwriting those in data folder, and you simply want to copy in what is still in any station logging memory. | ||
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Cumulus 1 provides editors - go to Edit menu and pick the relevant extremes file, the either type over the figures that you want to change or use the buttons that load the more detailed log files and then figures from them can be copied into extreme file. There is an option (in the view menu) to read the latest detailed log for the current (or past) month, but there is no built in editor for those files. | Cumulus 1 provides editors - go to Edit menu and pick the relevant extremes file, the either type over the figures that you want to change or use the buttons that load the more detailed log files and then figures from them can be copied into extreme file. There is an option (in the view menu) to read the latest detailed log for the current (or past) month, but there is no built in editor for those files. | ||
Cumulus MX | Cumulus MX (from version 3.2.2 - build 3058) provides editors for key log files (all-time and monthly-all-time). | ||
* Remember 'alltimelog.txt' logs each change made to 'alltime.ini' so you don't need to correct the former, but it can help you know how to regress the latter. | * Remember 'alltimelog.txt' logs each change made to 'alltime.ini' so you don't need to correct the former, but it can help you know how to regress the latter. | ||
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== I get error -32710 with Cumulus and my USB Davis station == | == I get error -32710 with Cumulus and my USB Davis station == | ||
The USB support in the Davis DLL which Cumulus uses doesn't seem to work. You need to use the CP210X USB/serial software which Davis supply, and use the station in serial mode. If you have previously been using your station with Weatherlink in USB mode, you will need to change to serial mode in Weatherlink before you can use the station with Cumulus. You can do this using [http://www.davisnet.com/support/weather/download/CP210X_USB_Serial_Converter_ver2.exe this utility from Davis]. See also this FAQ entry - | The USB support in the Davis DLL which Cumulus uses doesn't seem to work. You need to use the CP210X USB/serial software which Davis supply, and use the station in serial mode. If you have previously been using your station with Weatherlink in USB mode, you will need to change to serial mode in Weatherlink before you can use the station with Cumulus. You can do this using [http://www.davisnet.com/support/weather/download/CP210X_USB_Serial_Converter_ver2.exe this utility from Davis]. See also this FAQ entry - https://cumuluswiki.wxforum.net/a/FAQ#How_do_I_get_my_Davis_station_with_USB_working_with_Cumulus.3F | ||
== When I start Cumulus, the graphs restart again each time and don't show the earlier data == | == When I start Cumulus, the graphs restart again each time and don't show the earlier data == | ||
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Note that this situation can also occur if you close Cumulus and then start it up again very soon afterwards, for similar reasons. There is nothing that Cumulus can do about this, it is an issue with the logger (or Virtual VP, which behaves in the same way). | Note that this situation can also occur if you close Cumulus and then start it up again very soon afterwards, for similar reasons. There is nothing that Cumulus can do about this, it is an issue with the logger (or Virtual VP, which behaves in the same way). | ||
== Davis to Cumulus skips one logged set of readings == | |||
The Davis DLL which Cumulus 1 uses never downloads the latest archive record. Consequently, if you have Davis and Cumulus set to logging every five minutes and restart Cumulus at 07:33, the archived readings up to 07:25 will be read across to Cumulus, the set of readings stored on Davis at 07:30 will be skipped, and Cumulus will create its own logs from 07:35 onwards. | |||
== My Davis console clock is not exactly the same as my PC clock, but I have "Synchronise station clock" selected == | == My Davis console clock is not exactly the same as my PC clock, but I have "Synchronise station clock" selected == | ||
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== How do I correct my all-time (or monthly all-time) records? == | == How do I correct my all-time (or monthly all-time) records? == | ||
Cumulus works by whenever the reading it is currently processing exceeds a particular record, that record is updated. In essence, Cumulus end-of-day works by reading what is in the detailed [[Monthly_log_files]] to find the highs and lows during the day just ended, these then update the [[dayfile.txt|daily summary log]]. Cumulus can also read what is in the daily summary log to update the all-time extremes held in [[alltime.ini]] and month-by-month all-time extremes held in [[monthlyalltime.ini]]. Look up those cross-references to help you understand the various items, and how they can be updated. | |||
Either 1) Consequently, you can manually copy the sequence remembering it requires several steps: | |||
# Correct the rogue values or values in the detailed [[Monthly_log_files]] ''with Cumulus stopped''. Neither Cumulus 1 nor Cumulus MX provides an editor to do this, and you need to guess new values for readings as there is no other file provided by Cumulus to offer any suggestions, often people interpolate between earlier and later readings. | |||
# Correct the [[dayfile.txt|daily summary log]] ''(don't do this near the rollover time)'', the editor in Cumulus 1 requires you to manually change the numbers, unless you delete the whole day (or it was previously missing) and you ask Cumulus to '''Insert missing''' i.e. populate a single line (day) from the detailed log, ignoring any extremes at times between logged readings. | |||
# Correct the all-time extremes held in [[alltime.ini]] and monthly all-time extremes held in [[monthlyalltime.ini]]. Using the Cumulus 1 [[Cumulus_Screenshots#File.2FEdit.2FHelp_Menu|built-in appropriate editor]] from the first couple of commands in the Edit menu (and now also in CumulusMX) allows you to see, and copy across, suggested extremes based on contents of the detailed [[Monthly_log_files]] or contents of the [[dayfile.txt|daily summary log]]. | |||
or 2) If you know the correct figures, you can alternatively enter them manually directly into the .ini files and not bother to update the detailed log or the daily summary log. (It is pointless to edit the .ini files directly and then afterwards edit the log files): | |||
*You can look at the [[Alltimelog.txt]] file to find the previous values for the [[alltime.ini|all-time records]]. | |||
*Similar entries are logged to the [[diags]] files for any updates to the monthly highs and lows in [[monthlyalltime.ini|month-by-month records]]. | |||
Cumulus takes a backup of | or 3) Cumulus takes a backup of most of the active data files when it starts up, and also at the start of the meteorological day (just after midnight for a lot of users). The backups are kept in folders within the backup sub-folder in the Cumulus installation. So yet another alternative method would be to find the latest backup from before the error occurred, and copy the ''alltime.txt'' and/or ''monthlyalltime.txt'' file from the backup to the Cumulus data folder. Do this with Cumulus stopped. There is more information in [[:Category:Log_Files]], for all of the types of file. | ||
== It's January 1st and my 'rain since midnight' and/or 'last 24 hours rain' and/or Evapotranspiration are wrong/negative == | == It's January 1st and my 'rain since midnight' and/or 'last 24 hours rain' and/or Evapotranspiration are wrong/negative == | ||
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== My monthly (month-by-month) all-time records don't have entries for all of the months that I have been using Cumulus == | == My monthly (month-by-month) all-time records don't have entries for all of the months that I have been using Cumulus == | ||
You need to initialise them. See the release announcement for version 1.9.3, which is when this facility was introduced: | You need to initialise them. See the release announcement for version 1.9.3, which is when this facility was introduced: https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=9286 | ||
You only need to do this once; when you have initialised them, Cumulus will keep them up to date thereafter. | You only need to do this once; when you have initialised them, Cumulus will keep them up to date thereafter. | ||
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== I have problems after upgrading to Windows 10 == | == I have problems after upgrading to Windows 10 == | ||
See this forum post - | See this forum post - https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=14148 | ||
= Website = | = Website = | ||
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== How do I configure Cumulus for Secure FTP (SFTP/FTPS)? == | == How do I configure Cumulus for Secure FTP (SFTP/FTPS)? == | ||
Cumulus doesn't support Secure FTP. You can configure Cumulus to invoke an external program like WinSCP, as described here: [[SFTP | SFTP article]] | Cumulus 1 doesn't support Secure FTP. You can configure Cumulus to invoke an external program like WinSCP, as described here: [[SFTP | SFTP article]] | ||
Cumulus MX supports FTPS (FTP over TLS) natively, but not SFTP. Just enable it in the settings. | |||
== Directory related problems in FTP == | == Directory related problems in FTP == | ||
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For more advice see the website of your local Meteorological Bureau, an educational place (e.g. in USA see [http://newa.nysaes.cornell.edu/public/NEWAStationSitingGuidelines.htm Cornell University]), the [http://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12407 World Meterological Organisation] (WMO), or a specialist organisation (e.g. in UK see [http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/guidelines-observing-0 Royal Meteorological Society] rather than the Met Office web site). | For more advice see the website of your local Meteorological Bureau, an educational place (e.g. in USA see [http://newa.nysaes.cornell.edu/public/NEWAStationSitingGuidelines.htm Cornell University]), the [http://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12407 World Meterological Organisation] (WMO), or a specialist organisation (e.g. in UK see [http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/guidelines-observing-0 Royal Meteorological Society] rather than the Met Office web site). | ||
Modern Stevenson Screens are uPVC constructed with a black interior (so they do not radiate heat onto the sensors) and a white exterior (so they reflect as much radiation as possible). There is a lot of discussion on the [ | Modern Stevenson Screens are uPVC constructed with a black interior (so they do not radiate heat onto the sensors) and a white exterior (so they reflect as much radiation as possible). There is a lot of discussion on the [https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewforum.php?f=16 Homebuilt forum] about different approaches to improving measurements, and the problems with out of the box instrumentation from the different manufacturers. | ||
If you are contributing to an external site like APRS/CWOP, Weather Underground, PWS weather, Weatherbug and/or WOW, see guidance from these organisations re instrument placement. | If you are contributing to an external site like APRS/CWOP, Weather Underground, PWS weather, Weatherbug and/or WOW, see guidance from these organisations re instrument placement. | ||
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== How do I protect my rain gauge against spiders or other natural problems == | == How do I protect my rain gauge against spiders or other natural problems == | ||
There is a lot of discussion on the [ | There is a lot of discussion on the [https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewforum.php?f=16 Homebuilt forum]. In terms of siting, it is important to position your rain gauge where you can safely get to it. | ||
== How do I get good temperature and humidity measurements == | == How do I get good temperature and humidity measurements == | ||
