|
Rain is measured using a rain gauge (also known as a udometer or a pluviometer [Pluviograph ] which gathers and measures the amount of liquid [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology) precipitation] over a set period of time.
The webtags available in the version/build you are using are listed in the Cumulus Help provided with that build.
== Webtags available in Cumulus 1.9.4 ==
All rain gauges have their limitations.
These are special markers placed in a file which Cumulus can then process and replace with the actual values. Typically you would use this to build your own website by having an HTML template file with your layout, static text and graphics. In the position on the page you wish Cumulus to insert the relevant data place a webtag in the form:
*Attempting to collect rain data in high wind (hurricane conditions) can be nearly impossible and unreliable due to wind extremes preventing rain from entering the gauge.
*Rain gauges only indicate rainfall in a localized area.
*For virtually all gauges, drops will stick to the sides of the collecting device, resulting in slightly underestimated measurements.
*When the temperature is close to or below freezing, rain may fall on the funnel and freeze or snow may collect in the gauge and not permit any subsequent rain to pass through.
= Precipitation measurement and Cumulus =
<#tagname>
Cumulus processes rainfall in one of two [[cumulus.ini| units]] (millimetres and inches).
Assuming you have asked Cumulus to process the file, it will replace the tag with the current value of the item the tag represents just before the file is uploaded to the internet.
Most processing by Cumulus is based on the total rainfall count output by a weather station, see [[FAQ#My_station_invented_some_rain_that_didn.27t_really_occur.2C_and_I_want_to_set_it_to_zero_.28or_some_other_figure.29 | FAQ]] for more.
''Note: When you put a tag into your HTML, be careful that whatever program you are using to develop your web pages doesn't change the angle brackets to slightly different symbols -- this is a common cause of failure!''
The rainfall observations output by different weather stations varies, see [[Standard_log_files]] for the parameters that Cumulus tracks. Cumulus can also read rainfall from a separate RG11 optical gauge.
Webtags are case sensitive, so please type them as shown here.
== Rain day ==
=== New Webtags in Beta builds ===
The threshold value which the daily rainfall has to equal or exceed for the day to be considered a 'rain day' is set in [[Cumulus.ini#Section:_Station | RainDayThreshold]] and has a default value of ''-1'' that means 0.2mm or 0.01in. Alternative thresholds can be used by specifying a number in the units your configuration uses.
New webtags for beta versions of Cumulus are not listed here until the version becomes 'live' however there is a page that details the [[BETA webtags|additional webtags]] available in the Beta version.
== Cumulus View Menu ==
=Time/Date 'format' Parameter=
Cumulus 1 provides a number of ways to view derived rainfall.
From 1.9.1 most time webtags will accept an option 'format' parameter, e.g: <#YearTempHT format=hh:nn>. This allows you to override the default display format for that item, using the format specifiers in the table below. Note that if your format has any spaces in it, you must enclose it in double quotes, thus: <#YearTempHT format="hh nn">. Note also that you can specify date formatting to times and vice versa, but this will not always yield a sensible result.
=== Highs and Lows ===
You should put anything which is not intended to be part of the date and time formatting into single quotation marks to prevent it being interpreted as a date or time formatter. For example, the word "on" contains the character "n", which will be interpreted as a time formatter unless you put it into single quotation marks. Example: <#TtempH format="'at' hh: mm 'on' dd / mm / yyyy">
On the Cumulus '''View''' ''Highs and lows'' screens you can see those of the following appropriate to the chosen period:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
* Highest Hourly/Daily/Monthly Rainfall
|-
* High [[#Rain_Rate|rainfall rate]]
!style="width:150px" | Specifier
* Longest wet period (count of consecutive days with rainfall above configured threshold)
!style="width:600px" | Displays
* Longest dry period (count of consecutive days with rainfall below configured threshold)
|-
All of these values are also available from [[Webtags]].
|c
|Displays the date using the format given by the Windows Short Date format, followed by the time using the format given by the Windows Long Time format. The time is not displayed if the date-time value indicates midnight precisely.
|-
|d
|Displays the day as a number without a leading zero (1-31).
|-
|dd
|Displays the day as a number with a leading zero (01-31).
|-
|ddd
|Displays the day as an abbreviation (Sun-Sat) using the strings appropriate to the Windows Locale.
|-
|dddd
|Displays the day as a full name (Sunday-Saturday) using the strings appropriate to the Windows Locale.
|-
|ddddd
|Displays the date using the format given by the Windows Short Date format.
|-
|dddddd
|Displays the date using the format given by the Windows Long Date format.
|-
|m
|Displays the month as a number without a leading zero (1-12). If the m specifier immediately follows an h or hh specifier, the minute rather than the month is displayed.
|-
|mm
|Displays the month as a number with a leading zero (01-12). If the mm specifier immediately follows an h or hh specifier, the minute rather than the month is displayed.
|-
|mmm
|Displays the month as an abbreviation (Jan-Dec) using the strings appropriate to the Windows Locale.
|-
|mmmm
|Displays the month as a full name (January-December) using the strings appropriate to the Windows Locale.
|-
|yy
|Displays the year as a two-digit number (00-99).
|-
|yyyy
|Displays the year as a four-digit number (0000-9999).
|-
|h
|Displays the hour without a leading zero (0-23).
|-
|hh
|Displays the hour with a leading zero (00-23).
|-
|n
|Displays the minute without a leading zero (0-59).
|-
|nn
|Displays the minute with a leading zero (00-59).
|-
|s
|Displays the second without a leading zero (0-59).
|-
|ss
|Displays the second with a leading zero (00-59).
|-
|z
|Displays the millisecond without a leading zero (0-999).
|-
|zzz
|Displays the millisecond with a leading zero (000-999).
|-
|t
|Displays the time using the format given by the Windows Short Time format.
|-
|tt\
|Displays the time using the format given by the Windows Long Time format.
|-
|am/pm
|Uses the 12-hour clock for the preceding h or hh specifier, and displays 'am' for any hour before noon, and 'pm' for any hour after noon. The am/pm specifier can use lower, upper, or mixed case, and the result is displayed accordingly.
|-
|a/p
|Uses the 12-hour clock for the preceding h or hh specifier, and displays 'a' for any hour before noon, and 'p' for any hour after noon. The a/p specifier can use lower, upper, or mixed case, and the result is displayed accordingly.
|-
|ampm
|Uses the 12-hour clock for the preceding h or hh specifier, and displays the contents of the Windows AM string for any hour before noon, and the contents of the Windows PM string for any hour after noon.
|-
|/
|Displays the date separator character given by the Windows Date Separator.
|-
|:
|Displays the time separator character given by the Windows Time Separator.
|-
|'xx'
|Characters enclosed in single quotation marks are displayed as such, and do not affect formatting.
|}
=== ''This month/period/year'' screens ===
=The Tags=
A number of values are shown for rainfall, these are calculated by summing field 14 (total rain today) from relevant rows in [[dayfile.txt]] (so will exclude the current meteorological day):
Below is a list of the webtags available in the current version of Cumulus.
# Total rainfall
#* Total for this (any) month
#* Total for this (any) period you want (select start date and end date)
#* Total for this (any calendar) year is shown on 'This year' screen
# Wettest day (equivalent to 'Highest Daily Rainfall' parameters of webtags)
# High [[#Rain_Rate|rainfall rate]]
# Rain days (count of days in period with rainfall above configured threshold)
# Dry days (count of days in period with rainfall below configured threshold)
# Days in period with snow falling (from [[Weather_Diary]])
# Days in period with snow lying
==[[Webtags]] report ==
==Units==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#tempunit>
|Unit of temperature being used (Set in Cumulus as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centigrade Celsius] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit Fahrenheit]) values "&deg;C" or "&deg;F"
|-
|<#tempunitnodeg>
|The temperature units being used, without a degree symbol, i.e. "F" or "C"
|-
|<#pressunit>
|Unit of measure for pressure. Possible values: "mb", "hPa", "in"
|-
|<#rainunit>
|Unit of measure for rain fall. Possible values: "mm" or "inches"
|-
|<#windunit>
|Unit of measure for wind speed. Possible values: "m/s", "mph", "km/h", "kts"
|-
|<#windrununit>
|Unit of measure for wind run (distance). Possible values: "km", "miles", "km", "nm" (for wind speeds in m/s, mph, km/h, kts)
|-
|<#cloudbaseunit>
|The units used for cloudbase value. Possible values: "ft" or "m"
|}
* For current, last 24 hours, yesterday (<#rfallY>), and this month;
==Date & Time==
**totals (<#rfall>, <#r24hour>, <#rmonth> all include rainfall so far today)
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
* Annual rainfall web tag <#ryear> reports total for ''rainfall season'' year i.e. starting month set on Configuration | station screen | Annual rainfall frame; includes rainfall so far today, same figure as shown for 'This year' on main Cumulus screen)
|-
* For today, yesterday, this month, this rainfall season, month-by-month, and all time;
!style="width:150px" | webtag
** hourly rainfall highs and timestamp,
!style="width:600px" | Function
** daily rainfall highs and timestamp,
|-
**rain rate high
|<#date>
* Snow depth for current [[Weather_Diary#How_do_I_change_the_time_a_diary_day_begins.2Fends.3F|day]]
|The current date
* Longest wet period (count of consecutive days with rainfall above configured threshold)
|-
* Longest dry period (count of consecutive days with rainfall below configured threshold)
|<#time>
* Timestamp of last rain gauge tip (and, from version 1.9.4, how many days ago)
|The current time and date. Example result: 18:30 on 30 December 2009. If you simply wish the time, use a combination of the day, month, year tags (below)
* <#IsRaining> <#RG11RainToday> <#RG11RainYest> are available for Hydreon RG11 detectors only (the first applies to rain detection mode, the others apply to the tipping bucket mode)
|-
|<#timehhmmss>
|The current time. Example format: 18:30:27
|-
|<#timeUTC>
|The current UTC date/time rather than local date/time
|-
|<#day>
| The current day as a 2-digit number. Example format: 14
|-
|<#dayname>
| The current day as a word. For example, Monday
|-
|<#shortdayname>
| The current day as a shortened word. Example format: Mon
|-
|<#month>
|The current month as a 2-digit number. Example format: 05
|-
|<#monthname>
|The current month as a word. Example format: August
|-
|<#shortmonthname>
|The current month as a shortened word. Example format: Aug
|-
|<#year>
|The current year as a 4-digit number. Example format: 2009
|-
|<#shortyear>
|The current year as a 2-digit number. Example format: 09
|-
|<#hour>
|The current hour as a 2-digit number. Example format: 23
|-
|<#minute>
|The current minute as a 2-digit number. Example format: 59
|-
|<#metdate>
|The current meteorological date. After rollover time on current calendar date, this date will be the same as the current date. If using a 9am/10am rollover, then between midnight and 9am/10am the <#metdate> will be the previous calendar day.
= Types of Rain Gauge =
Can be used with relevant format parameters to indicate current meteorological day on todayT.htm template page, meteorological month on thismonthT.htm template page, or meteorological year on thisyearT.htm template page
Types of rain gauges include graduated cylinders, weighing gauges, tipping bucket gauges, optical, and simple buried pit collectors. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages for collecting rain data.
|-
== Standard (graduated cylinder)Rain Gauge ==
|<#metdateyesterday>>
The standard rain gauge consists of a funnel attached to a graduated cylinder that fits into a larger container. If the water overflows from the graduated cylinder the outside container will catch it. So when it is measured, the cylinder will be measured and then the excess will be put in another cylinder and measured. In most cases the cylinder is marked in mm.
|The previous meteorological date. If using a 9am/10am rollover, then between midnight and 9am/10am the <#metdateyesterday> will be the calendar day before that returned by <#yesterday>, otherwise both return same.
==Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge ==
Can be used with relevant format parameters to indicate correct day on yesterdayT.htm template page, and can be used to return latest day stored on [[dayfile.txt]] and NOAA report for latest month.
The tipping bucket gauge consists of a funnel that collects and channels the precipitation. The precipitation falls onto one of two small buckets or levers which are balanced in same manner as a balance scale.
|-
|<#yesterday>
|Yesterdays date
|-
|<#rollovertime>
|The time that the logs rollover to the next day: 'Midnight', '9 am' or '10 am'
|-
|<#update>
|The date and time of the last web site update
|-
|<#LastDataReadT>
|The date/time data was last read from the station
|-
|<#DaysSince30Dec1899>
|Day count (gives whole and fractional part) Example: 41250.6523310301
|-
|<#DaysSinceRecordsBegan>
|Day count since Cumulus records started
|}
Tipping gauges can incorporate weighing gauges. In these gauges, a strain gauge is fixed to the collection bucket so that the exact rainfall can be read at any moment. Each time the collector tips, the strain gauge (weight sensor) is re-zeroed to null out any drift.
==Current Conditions==
In the more common design, when the bucket fills sufficiently to "tip" the balance an electrical signal is sent to the recorder. Modern tipping rain gauges consist of a plastic collector balanced over a pivot. When it tips, it actuates a switch (such as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_switch reed switch]) which is then electronically recorded or transmitted to a remote collection station. Counting tips is not as accurate as the standard rain gauge because the rainfall may stop before the lever has tipped. When the next period of rain begins it may take no more than one or two drops to tip the lever. Tipping buckets tend to underestimate the amount of rainfall, not collecting all of it, particularly in snowfall and heavy rainfall events. Tipping buckets can be subject to vibration if not securely mounted causing the balance to tip resulting in a false rain measurement.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#apptemp>
|The [[Apparent_temperature|apparent]] temperature
|-
|<#avgtemp>
|The [[Average_temperature|average]] temperature so far today
|-
|<#temp>
|The outside temperature
|-
|<#intemp>
|The inside temperature
|-
|<#temptrend>
|The average rate of change in temperature over the last three hours. Trend = (temp_now - temp_3hrs_ago) / 3
|-
|<#temptrendtext>
|Temperature change over the last three hours - Rising/Falling/Steady (values can be set in strings.ini)
|-
|<#temptrendenglish>
|Temperature change over the last three hours - Rising/Falling/Steady (for use by [[Webtags_as_boolean_operators_in_HTML|HTML]], [[Editing_content_of_a_webpage_using_either_HTML_or_Script|javascript]] etc, values can't be changed)
|-
|<#TempChangeLastHour>
|The change in temperature over the last hour
|-
|<#heatindex>
|Current [[heat index]]
|-
|<#humidex>
|Current [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidex Humidex]
|-
|<#hum>
|The outside [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity humidity]
|-
|<#inhum>
|The inside humidity
|-
|<#dew>
|The outside dew point
|-
|<#wchill>
|The current [[wind chill]] temperature
|-
|<#wetbulb>
|Estimated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_bulb wet bulb] temperature, currently only available via web tag
|-
|<#IsFreezing>
|Is outside temperature is at or below 0°C/32°F. 0=Above freezing, 1=Below freezing
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#rfall>
|The total rainfall so far today
|-
|<#rrate>
|The current rainfall rate
|-
|<#rhour>
|The rainfall in the last hour
|-
|<#rmidnight>
|The total rainfall since midnight. Useful if you don't use midnight as your start of day
|-
|<#r24hour>
|Amount of rain in the last 24 hours
|-
|<#LastRainTipISO>
|Date/time of last rain gauge tip (e.g 2010-09-06 06:09)
|-
|<#MinutesSinceLastRainTip>
|The number of minutes since the last rain gauge tip, in whole numbers, rounded down
|-
|<#IsRaining>
|For [[Rain_measurement#Optical_Rain_Gauge| Hydreon RG-11 devices]], shows the current rain state. 0=No rain, 1=It's raining
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#press>
|The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_pressure sea level pressure]
|-
|<#presstrendval>
|The average rate of pressure change over the last three hours.
|-
|<#presstrend>
|The pressure trend in words - values can be set in the 'strings.ini' file
|-
|<#presstrendenglish>
| a singe word description for the pressure trend - Rising/Falling/Steady (for use by [[Webtags_as_boolean_operators_in_HTML|HTML]], [[Editing_content_of_a_webpage_using_either_HTML_or_Script|javascript]] etc, values can't be changed)
|-
|<#altimeterpressure>
|Altimeter pressure. Pressure corrected to sea level using the station's altitude only. Same as sea-level pressure for non-Davis stations.
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#wlatest>
|Current wind speed reading from console. Corresponds to 'latest' on the Cumulus main screen.
|-
|<#bearing>
|Current wind bearing in degrees
|-
|<#currentwdir>
|Current wind bearing as a compass point - e.g. ESE
|-
|<#wspeed>
|The 10-minute average, if you have Cumulus set to calculate a 10-minute average. Otherwise, it's the latest 'wind' value from the console (i.e. the current speed as determined by the station). Corresponds to 'average' on the Cumulus main screen.
|-
|<#avgbearing>
|Average wind bearing in degrees over last 10 minutes. Range 1-360, 0=Calm
|-
|<#wdir>
|Average wind bearing over last 10 minutes as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass compass] point - e.g. ESE
|-
|<#wgust>
|The highest wind reading in the last 10 minutes. Corresponds to 'gust' on the Cumulus main screen.
|-
|<#wdirdata>
|Comma separated list of recent wind bearing readings (up to 3600 entries). This is a circular buffer; to find the most recent value use nextwindindex
|-
|<#wspddata>
|Comma separated list of recent wind speed readings (up to 3600 entries). This is a circular buffer; to find the most recent value use nextwindindex
|-
|<#nextwindindex>
|The index of the entries in wdirdata and wspddata which Cumulus is going to use next - i.e. the latest entry used is one less than this; but don't forget to allow for the wrap around!
|-
|<#beaufort>
|The current wind speed on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Beaufort scale] (e.g. F8)
|-
|<#beaufortnumber>
|The current wind speed on the Beaufort scale, without a leading "F", e.g. "6"
|-
|<#beaudesc>
|The current wind speed Beaufort description (e.g. "Gale")
|-
|<#BearingRangeFrom>
|The 'lowest' clockwise bearing in the last 10 minutes (or as configured using AvgBearingMinutes in cumulus.ini)
|-
|<#BearingRangeTo>
|The 'highest' clockwise bearing in the last 10 minutes (or as configured using AvgBearingMinutes in cumulus.ini)
|-
|<#BearingRangeFrom10>
|The 'lowest' clockwise bearing in the last 10 minutes (or as configured using AvgBearingMinutes in cumulus.ini), rounded down to nearest 10 degrees
|-
|<#BearingRangeTo10>
|The 'highest' clockwise bearing in the last 10 minutes (or as configured using AvgBearingMinutes in cumulus.ini), rounded down to nearest 10 degrees
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgray;"|Miscellaneous
|-
|<#cloudbase>
|Calculated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_base cloud base]
|-
|<#cloudbasevalue>
|Current calculated cloud base without units
|-
|<#UV>
|Current [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uv_index UV index]. Requires your station to have a UV sensor.
|-
|<#SolarRad>
|Current [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiation solar radiation]. Requires your station to have a solar sensor.
|-
|-
|<#Light>
|Current Current light level in Lux. Requires your station to have a solar sensor. Only applies to Fine Offset stations.
|-
|[[Forecast_webtag|<#forecast>]]
|The current forecast
|-
|<#forecastenc>
|The same as <#forecast> but with all reserved HTML characters, and those above character code 159, encoded as HTML entities
|-
|<#forecastnumber>
|The number relating to the current forecast entry in the [[strings.ini]] file. If your station is not providing it's own forecast and Cumulus is not calculating one then 0 (zero) is returned. Note: two negative numbers can be returned by Cumulus: -1 (neg 1) = Exceptional Fine, -26 (neg 26) = Exceptional Bad
|-
|<#cumulusforecast>
|Always gives Cumulus (Zambretti) forecast, even if the <#forecast> tag provides a station forecast
|-
|<#cumulusforecastenc>
|The same as <#cumulusforecast> but with all reserved HTML characters, and those above character code 159, encoded as HTML entities
|-
|<#wsforecast>
|Always gives station forecast (if available)
|-
|<#wsforecastenc>
|The same as <#wsforecast> but with all reserved HTML characters, and those above character code 159, encoded as HTML entities
|}
The advantage of the tipping bucket rain gauge is that the rain rate may be easily obtained. Rainfall rate is decided by counting the number of 'clicks' in a short fixed period and lets the observer decide the character of the rain.
==Today==
==Weighing Precipitation Gauge ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
A weighing-type precipitation gauge consists of a storage container, which is weighed to record the mass. Certain models measure the mass using a pen on a rotating drum, or by using a vibrating wire attached to a data logger.
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:450px" | Function
!style="width:150px" | Time
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#tempTH>
|Today's highest temperature
|<#TtempTH>
|-
|<#tempTL>
|Today's lowest temperature
|<#TtempTL>
|-
|<#temprange>
|The temperature range (<#tempTH> - <#tempTL>) so far today (Cumulus calculates all these tags using Celsius values, but outputs them in your chosen units)
|n/a
|-
|<#apptempTH>
|Today's high apparent temperature
|<#TapptempTH>
|-
|<#apptempTL>
|Today's low apparent temperature
|<#TapptempTL>
|-
|<#heatindexTH>
|Today's high heat index
|<#TheatindexTH>
|-
|<#wchillTL>
|Today's lowest wind chill
|<#TwchillTL>
|-
|<#dewpointTH>
|Today's highest dew point
|<#TdewpointTH>
|-
|<#dewpointTL>
|Today's lowest dew point
|<#TdewpointTL>
|-
|<#humTH>
|Today's highest humidity
|<#ThumTH>
|-
|<#humTL>
|Today's lowest humidity
|<#ThumTL>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#rrateTM>
|Today's maximum rain rate
|<#TrrateTM>
|-
|<#hourlyrainTH>
|Today's highest hourly rain
|<#ThourlyrainTH>
|-
|<#RG11RainToday>
|If you have an RG-11 rain sensor configured in "Tipping Bucket" mode, this gives today's rain total so far according to the sensor
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#pressTH>
|Today's highest pressure reading
|<#TpressTH>
|-
|<#pressTL>
|Today's lowest pressure reading
|<#TpressTL>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#windTM>
|Today's maximum (average) wind speed
|<#TwindTM>
|-
|<#wgustTM>
|Today's maximum wind gust
|<#TwgustTM>
|-
|<#bearingTM>
|The wind bearing at the time of today's high gust (<#wgustTM>) in degrees
|<#TwgustTM>
|-
|<#Tbeaufort>
|Today's highest wind speed, expressed in the Beaufort scale
|<#TwindTM>
|-
|<#Tbeaufortnumber>
|Today's high wind speed on the Beaufort scale, without a leading "F", e.g. "6"
|<#TwindTM>
|-
|<#windrun>
|The total wind run so far today
|N/A
|-
|<#domwindbearing>
|Today's dominant wind direction in degrees
|n/a
|-
|<#domwinddir>
|Today's dominant wind direction as compass point
|n/a
|-
|<#Tbeaudesc>
|Beaufort 'description' for today's high wind speed
|n/a
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Miscellaneous
|-
|<#ET>
|Today's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration evapotranspiration]. Applies only to Davis stations, equipped with a solar sensor.
|N/A
|-
|<#heatdegdays>
|Today's [[Heat/cold_degree_days_and_Chill_hours|heating degree days]]
|n/a
|-
|<#cooldegdays>
|Today's [[Heat/cold_degree_days_and_Chill_hours|cooling degree days]]
|n/a
|-
|<#solarTH>
|Today's high solar radiation value (Solar sensor needed)
|<#TsolarTH>
|-
|<#UVTH>
|Today's high UV Index (UV sensor needed)
|<#TUVTH>
|-
|}
The advantages of this type of gauge over tipping buckets are that it does not underestimate intense rain, and it can measure other forms of precipitation, including rain, hail and snow. These gauges are, however, more expensive and require more maintenance than tipping bucket gauges.
==Yesterday==
== Optical Rain Gauges ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
#One design has a row of collection funnels. In an enclosed space below each funnel is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_diode laser diode] and a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode phototransistor detector]. When enough water has been collected to form a single drop it drips from the bottom of the funnel, falling into the laser beam's path. The detector is set at right angles to the path of the laser beam so that light scattered by the drop of water breaking the laser beam is detected as a sudden flash of light. The flashes from these photodetectors are then read and transmitted or recorded.
|-
#The [http://www.rainsensors.com/| Hydreon Optical Rain Sensor] - Model RG-11 - uses an infrared sensor to detect rainfall with high precision. Some car windscreens have a similar sensor to automatically start wipers. Cumulus supports the RG11, via parameters in [[Cumulus.ini#Hydreon_specific:]] that are set using a RG11 screen within the configuration menu. Use a USB to RS232 (serial) adapter on computers which don't have a COM port. See Cumulus ''help'' for more information. The rain sensor's 'normally open' relay contacts should be connected via a serial port (9 way connector)
!style="width:150px" | webtag
#*either to the Data Set Ready (pin 4) and Data Terminal Ready (pin 6),
!style="width:450px" | Function
#*or to the Request To Send (pin 7) and Clear To Send (pin 8)].
!style="width:150px" | Time
#*You can connect two RG-11 sensors to the same port, one to DSR/DTR and one to RTS/CTS (one has to be in "It's raining" mode and one in "tipping bucket" mode).
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#tempYH>
|Yesterday's highest temperature
|<#TtempYH>
|-
|<#tempYL>
|Yesterday's lowest temperature
|<#TtempYL>
|-
|<#avgtempY>
|Yesterday's average temperature
|n/a
|-
|<#temprangeY>
|The temperature range (max - min) yesterday
|n/a
|-
|<#apptempYH>
|Yesterday's high apparent temperature
|<#TapptempYH>
|-
|<#apptempYL>
|Yesterday's low apparent temperature
|<#TapptempYL>
|-
|<#heatindexYH>
|Yesterday's high heat index
|<#TheatindexYH>
|-
|<#wchillYL>
|Yesterday's lowest wind chill
|<#TwchillYL>
|-
|<#dewpointYL>
|Yesterday's lowest dew point
|<#TdewpointYL>
|-
|<#dewpointYH>
|Yesterday's highest dew point
|<#TdewpointYH>
|-
|<#humYH>
|High humidity yesterday
|<#ThumYH>
|-
|<#humYL>
|Low humidity yesterday
|<#ThumYL>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#rfallY>
|The total rainfall for yesterday according to the connected weather station
|n/a
|-
|<#RG11RainYest>
|The total rainfall for yesterday according to an RG-11 rain sensor configured in "Tipping Bucket" mode
|n/a
|-
|<#rrateYM>
|Yesterday's maximum rain rate
|<#TrrateYM>
|-
|<#hourlyrainYH>
|Yesterday's highest hourly rain
|<#ThourlyrainYH>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#pressYH>
|Yesterday's highest pressure reading
|<#TpressYH>
|-
|<#pressYL>
|Yesterday's lowest pressure reading
|<#TpressYL>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#windYM>
|Yesterday's maximum (average) wind speed
|<#TwindYM>
|-
|<#wgustYM>
|Yesterday's maximum wind gust
|<#TwgustYM>
|-
|<#bearingYM>
|The wind bearing at the time of yesterday's high gust
|<#TwgustYM>
|-
|<#Ybeaufort>
|Yesterday's highest wind speed, expressed in the Beaufort scale
|<#TwindYM>
|-
|<#Ybeaufortnumber>
|Yesterday's high wind speed on the Beaufort scale, without a leading "F", e.g. "6"
|<#TwindYM>
|-
|<#Ybeaudesc>
|Beaufort 'description' for yesterday's high wind speed
|n/a
|-
|<#domwindbearingY>
|Yesterday's dominant wind direction in degrees
|n/a
|-
|<#domwinddirY>
|Yesterday's dominant wind direction as compass point
|n/a
|-
|<#windrunY>
|The total wind run for yesterday
|n/a
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Miscellaneous
|-
|<#heatdegdaysY>
|Yesterday's [[Heat/cold_degree_days_and_Chill_hours|heating degree days]]
|n/a
|-
|<#cooldegdaysY>
|Yesterday's [[Heat/cold_degree_days_and_Chill_hours|cooling degree days]]
|n/a
|-
|<#solarYH>
|Yesterday's high solar radiation value
|<#TsolarYH>
|-
|<#UVYH>
|Yesterday's high UV Index
|<#TUVYH>
|}
=Rain Gauge Location=
==Monthly==
The exposure of a rain gauge is very important for obtaining accurate measurements. As a general rule, the windier the gauge location is, the greater the precipitation error will be. You can find lots of discussions online about wind effects, and rain shadows, together with research on positioning requirements in rural and urban locations. A good starting point is [http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/guidelines-observing-0 this UK website].
Gauges should not be located close to isolated obstructions such as trees or buildings, which may deflect precipitation due to erratic turbulence. To avoid wind and resulting turbulence problems, do not locate gauges in wide-open spaces or on elevated sites, such as the tops of buildings. For a separate rain gauge (e.g. Fine Offset), experiment to find whether the best protection from the wind occurs with the buckets arranged to line up with the mast or at right angles to the supporting arm between gauge and mast.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px"|webtag
!style="width:300px"|Function
!style="width:150px"|Time
!style="width:150px"|Date
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#MonthTempH>
|This months high temperature
|<#MonthTempHT>
|<#MonthTempHD>
|-
|<#MonthTempL>
|This months low temperature
|<#MonthTempLT>
|<#MonthTempLD>
|-
|<#MonthMinTempH>
|This months highest daily minimum temperature
|n/a
|<#MonthMinTempHD>
|-
|<#MonthMaxTempL>
|This months lowest daily maximum temperature
|n/a
|<#MonthMaxTempLD>
|-
|<#MonthHighDailyTempRange>
|High Daily Temp Range
|n/a
|<#MonthHighDailyTempRangeD>
|-
|<#MonthLowDailyTempRange>
|Low Daily Temp Range
|n/a
|<#MonthLowDailyTempRangeD>
|-
|<#MonthHeatIndexH>
|This months high heat index
|<#MonthHeatIndexHT>
|<#MonthHeatIndexHD>
|-
|<#MonthWChillL>
|This months low wind chill
|<#MonthWChillLT>
|<#MonthWChillLD>
|-
|<#MonthAppTempH>
|This months high apparent temperature
|<#MonthAppTempHT>
|<#MonthAppTempHD>
|-
|<#MonthAppTempL>
|This months low apparent temperature
|<#MonthAppTempLT>
|<#MonthAppTempLD>
|-
|<#MonthDewPointH>
|This months high dew point
|<#MonthDewPointHT>
|<#MonthDewPointHD>
|-
|<#MonthDewPointL>
|This months low dew point
|<#MonthDewPointLT>
|<#MonthDewPointLD>
|-
|<#MonthHumH>
|This months highest humidty
|<#MonthHumHT>
|<#MonthHumHD>
|-
|<#MonthHumL>
|This months lowest humidty
|<#MonthHumLT>
|<#MonthHumLD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#MonthPressH>
|This months highest pressure
|<#MonthPressHT>
|<#MonthPressHD>
|-
|<#MonthPressL>
|This months lowest pressure
|<#MonthPressLT>
|<#MonthPressLD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#MonthGustH>
|This months highest wind gust
|<#MonthGustHT>
|<#MonthGustHD>
|-
|<#MonthWindH>
|This months highest wind speed
|<#MonthWindHT>
|<#MonthWindHD>
|-
|<#MonthWindRunH>
|High Daily Wind Run
|n/a
|<#MonthWindRunHD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#rmonth>
|The total rainfall so far this month
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|<#MonthRainRateH>
|This months highest rainfall rate
|<#MonthRainRateHT>
|<#MonthRainRateHD>
|-
|<#MonthHourlyRainH>
|This months highest hourly rain
|<#MonthHourlyRainHT>
|<#MonthHourlyRainHD>
|-
|<#MonthDailyRainH>
|This months greatest daily rain
|n/a
|<#MonthDailyRainHD>
|-
|<#MonthLongestDryPeriod>
|Longest dry period ending this month (days)
|n/a
|<#MonthLongestDryPeriodD>
|-
|<#MonthLongestWetPeriod>
|Longest period of rain every day, ending this month (days)
|n/a
|<#MonthLongestWetPeriodD>
|}
The WMO recommend that a rain gauge be placed away from any nearby obstacle a distance of at least twice the height of the obstacle. The best site for a gauge is one in which it is protected in all directions, such as in an opening in a grove of trees. The height of the protection should not exceed twice its distance from the gauge.
==Yearly==
The standard height for the rim of a rain gauge varies by country. In the UK it is 30cm above ground. In the US it is between 3 and 4 feet. The placement is a compromise; lower placement reduces loss due to wind which may occur at higher levels, but increases the chance of heavy rain splashing in off the ground, and of being buried by snow, where applicable.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px"|webtag
!style="width:300px"|Function
!style="width:150px"|Time
!style="width:150px"|Date
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#YearTempH>
|This years highest temperature
|<#YearTempHT>
|<#YearTempHD>
|-
|<#YearTempL>
|This years lowest temperature
|<#YearTempLT>
|<#YearTempLD>
|-
|<#YearHighDailyTempRange>
|High Daily Temp Range
|n/a
|<#YearHighDailyTempRangeD>
|-
|<#YearLowDailyTempRange>
|Low Daily Temp Range
|n/a
|<#YearLowDailyTempRangeD>
|-
|<#YearHeatIndexH>
|This years highest heat index
|<#YearHeatIndexHT>
|<#YearHeatIndexHD>
|-
|<#YearWChillL>
|This years lowest wind chill
|<#YearWChillLT>
|<#YearWChillLD>
|-
|<#YearAppTempH>
|This years highest apparent temperature
|<#YearAppTempHT>
|<#YearAppTempHD>
|-
|<#YearAppTempL>
|This years lowest apparent temperature
|<#YearAppTempLT>
|<#YearAppTempLD>
|-
|<#YearDewPointH>
|This years highest dew point
|<#YearDewPointHT>
|<#YearDewPointHD>
|-
|<#YearDewPointL>
|This years lowest dew point
|<#YearDewPointLT>
|<#YearDewPointLD>
|-
|<#YearMinTempH>
|This years highest daily minimum temperature
|n/a
|<#YearMinTempHD>
|-
|<#YearMaxTempL>
|This years lowest daily minimum temperature
|n/a
|<#YearMaxTempLD>
|-
|<#YearHumH>
|This years high humidty
|<#YearHumHT>
|<#YearHumHD>
|-
|<#YearHumL>
|This years low humidty
|<#YearHumLT>
|<#YearHumLD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#YearPressH>
|This years high pressure
|<#YearPressHT>
|<#YearPressHD>
|-
|<#YearPressL>
|This years low pressure
|<#YearPressLT>
|<#YearPressLD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#YearGustH>
|This years high wind gust
|<#YearGustHT>
|<#YearGustHD>
|-
|<#YearWindH>
|This years high wind speed
|<#YearWindHT>
|<#YearWindHD>
|-
|<#YearWindRunH>
|High Daily Wind Run
|n/a
|<#YearWindRunHD>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#ryear>
|Annual rainfall total for rainfall season year (i.e. starting month as set on Configuration menu, station screen, Annual rainfall frame)
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|<#YearRainRateH>
|This years high rainfall rate
|<#YearRainRateHT>
|<#YearRainRateHD>
|-
|<#YearHourlyRainH>
|This years high hourly rain
|<#YearHourlyRainHT>
|<#YearHourlyRainHD>
|-
|<#YearDailyRainH>
|This years high daily rain
|n/a
|<#YearDailyRainHD>
|-
|<#YearMonthlyRainH>
|This years high monthly rain
|n/a
|<#YearMonthlyRainHD>
|-
|<#YearLongestDryPeriod>
|Longest period without rain ending this year (days)
|n/a
|<#YearLongestDryPeriodD>
|-
|<#YearLongestWetPeriod>
|Longest period of rain every day ending this year (days)
|n/a
|<#YearLongestWetPeriodD>
|}
==AllRain Time=Rate=
See [[FAQ#How_is_my_rain_rate_calculated.3F]] for Cumulus specific information.
How fast rain is falling is classified according to the rate of recording/detecting precipitation.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{|
|-
|'''Very light rain'''
!style="width:150px" | webtag
| precipitation rate is < 0.25 mm/hour
!style="width:300px" | Function
!style="width:150px" | Date/Time
|-
|'''Light rain'''
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
| precipitation rate is between 0.25mm/hour and 1.0mm/hour
|-
|'''Moderate rain '''
|<#tempH>
|precipitation rate is between 1.0 mm/hour and 4.0 mm/hour
|All time high temperature
|<#TtempH>
|-
|'''Heavy rain'''
|<#tempL>
|recipitation rate is between 4.0 mm/hour and 16.0 mm/hour
|All time low temperature
|<#TtempL>
|-
|'''Very heavy rain '''
|<#mintempH>
|precipitation rate is between 16.0 mm/hour and 50 mm/hour
|All time high minimum temperature
|<#TmintempH>
|-
|'''Extreme rain'''
|<#maxtempL>
|recipitation rate is > 50.0 mm/hour
|All time low maximum temperature
|<#TmaxtempL>
|-
|<#LowDailyTempRange>
|All time low daily temperature range
|<#TLowDailyTempRange>
|-
|<#HighDailyTempRange>
|All time high daily temperature range
|<#THighDailyTempRange>
|-
|<#apptempH>
|All time high apparent temperature
|<#TapptempH>
|-
|<#apptempL>
|All time low apparent temperature
|<#TapptempL>
|-
|<#heatindexH>
|All time high heat index
|<#TheatindexH>
|-
|<#dewpointH>
|All time high dew point
|<#TdewpointH>
|-
|<#dewpointL>
|All time low dew point
|<#TdewpointL>
|-
|<#humH>
|All time high humidity
|<#ThumH>
|-
|<#humL>
|All time low humidity
|<#ThumL>
|-
|<#wchillH>
|All time greatest wind chill (i.e. lowest temperature)
|<#TwchillH>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#rrateM>
|All time high rain rate
|<#TrrateM>
|-
|<#rfallH>
|All time high daily rain
|<#TrfallH>
|-
|<#rfallhH>
|All time high hourly rain
|<#TrfallhH>
|-
|<#rfallmH>
|All time high monthly rain
|<#TrfallmH>
|-
|<#LongestDryPeriod>
|All time longest dry period (days)
|<#TLongestDryPeriod>
|-
|<#LongestWetPeriod>
|All time longest wet period (days)
|<#TLongestWetPeriod>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#pressH>
|All time high pressure
|<#TpressH>
|-
|<#pressL>
|All time low pressure
|<#TpressL>
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#gustM>
|All time high wind gust
|<#TgustM>
|-
|<#wspeedH>
|All time high average wind speed
|<#TwspeedH>
|-
|<#windrunH>
|All time high daily wind run
|<#TwindrunH>
|}
The UK Met Office use a colour (CSS hex codes shown in table) coding system on their forecast maps with different split points:
==Recent History==
{|
There are a set of tags for 'recent historical data', giving data values from 1 minute ago, up to 1 week ago, in 1 minute intervals. Note that the values are initialised from the log files when Cumulus starts, so they will initially have a resolution according to the logger interval you have set in Cumulus and/or your station. You'll get the nearest value if you ask for one for which there is currently no exact match.
You specify how old you want the value to be by using parameters on the web tags for number of days, hours, and minutes. For example, <#RecentOutsideTemp m=1> will give the temperature one minute ago, <#RecentOutsideTemp h=1> will give the temperature one hour ago (as will <#RecentOutsideTemp m=60>), and <#RecentOutsideTemp d=1> will give the temperature one day ago. <#RecentOutsideTemp d=1 h=1 m=1> will give the temperature one day, one hour and one minute ago. All values supplied for parameters must be whole numbers. If you don't supply any parameters, the result is undefined.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
|Blue
!style="width:150px" | webtag
| background:#0404fb;
!style="width:600px" | Function
| precipitation rate is between 0.01mm/hour and 0.5 mm/hour
|-
|Azure
|<#RecentTS>
|background:#3366fc;
|Takes parameters like the 'recent data' web tags (e.g. <#RecentOutsideTemp>) and gives the timestamp of the data that will be returned for those web tags with the supplied parameters (it may not have the data for the exact time specified). Format can be specified in the usual way with the 'format' parameter.
| precipitation rate is between 0.5mm/hour and 1.0mm/hour
|-
|Olive
|<#RecentOutsideTemp>
| background:#808003;
|Outside Temperature
| precipitation rate is between 1.0 mm/hour and 2.0 mm/hour
|-
|Yellow
|<#RecentWindSpeed>
| background:#fbca04;
|Wind Speed
| precipitation rate is between 2.0 mm/hour and 4.0 mm/hour
|-
|Orange
|<#RecentWindGust>
| background:#fc9804;
|Wind Gust
| precipitation rate is between 4.0 mm/hour and 8.0 mm/hour
|-
|Fuchsia
|<#RecentWindLatest>
| background:#fb0404;
|Wind Latest. Note: Wind 'Speed', 'Gust' and 'Latest' have the usual Cumulus meanings
| precipitation rate is between 8.0 mm/hour and 16.0 mm/hour
|-
|Red
|<#RecentWindDir>
| background:#fb04fc;
|Wind Direction (instantaneous)
| precipitation rate is between 16.0 mm/hour and 32.0 mm/hour
|-
|Aqua
|<#RecentWindAvgDir>
| background:#e2fcfc;
|Wind Direction (average)
| precipitation rate is > 32.0 mm/hour
|-
|<#RecentWindChill>
|Wind Chill
|-
|<#RecentDewPoint>
|Dew Point
|-
|<#RecentHeatIndex>
|Heat Index
|-
|<#RecentHumidity>
|Relative Humidity
|-
|<#RecentPressure>
|Sea-level Pressure
|-
|<#RecentRainToday>
|Today's rain
|-
|<#RecentSolarRad>
|Solar Radiation
|-
|<#RecentUV>
|UV Index
|}
=Snow, Sleet and Hail=
==Monthly All Time Records==
Although this article is headed rain measurement, there are other forms of precipitation.
Dew and mist/fog may be detected and counted as rain if your sensor has a high resolution.
There are a set of tags for monthly all-time highs and lows, in other words the highest and lowest values for a particular month of the year. For example, the highest ever temperature in July. Each Value tag has an optional parameter "mon=N" where N is the index of the month of the year that you want the value for (January=1 and so on). For example, <#ByMonthTempH mon=7> will give you the highest ever temperature in July.
If you don't supply a parameter (or supply an invalid value) the current month will be used. You can customise the date and time formats using the 'format' parameter on the web tag, see below. To supply more than one parameter, separate them with spaces, e.g. <#ByMonthTempHT mon=7 format=hh:nn>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px"|webtag
!style="width:300px"|Function
!style="width:150px"|Date/Time
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:lightgray;"|Temperature & Humidity
|-
|<#ByMonthTempH>
|High Temperature
|<#ByMonthTempHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthTempL>
|Low Temperature
|<#ByMonthTempLT>
|-
|<#ByMonthHeatIndexH>
|High Heat Index
|<#ByMonthHeatIndexHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthWChillL>
|Low Wind Chill
|<#ByMonthWChillLT>
|-
|<#ByMonthAppTempH>
|High Apparent Temperature
|<#ByMonthAppTempHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthAppTempL>
|Low Apparent Temperature
|<#ByMonthAppTempLT>
|-
|<#ByMonthDewPointH>
|High Dew Point
|<#ByMonthDewPointHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthDewPointL>
|Low Dew Point
|<#ByMonthDewPointLT>
|-
|<#ByMonthMinTempH>
|Highest Daily Minimum Temperature
|<#ByMonthMinTempHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthMaxTempL>
|Lowest Daily Maximum Temperature
|<#ByMonthMaxTempLT>
|-
|<#ByMonthHighDailyTempRange>
|High Daily Temp Range
|<#ByMonthHighDailyTempRangeT>
|-
|<#ByMonthLowDailyTempRange>
|Low Daily Temp Range
|<#ByMonthLowDailyTempRangeT>
|-
|<#ByMonthHumH>
|High Humidity
|<#ByMonthHumHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthHumL>
|Low Humidity
|<#ByMonthHumLT>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Pressure
|-
|<#ByMonthPressH>
|High Pressure
|<#ByMonthPressHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthPressL>
|Low Pressure
|<#ByMonthPressLT>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Wind
|-
|<#ByMonthGustH>
|High Wind Gust
|<#ByMonthGustHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthWindH>
|High Wind Speed
|<#ByMonthWindHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthWindRunH>
|High Daily Wind Run
|<#ByMonthWindRunHT>
|-
|colspan="4" style="background:lightgray;"|Rainfall
|-
|<#ByMonthRainRateH>
|High Rain Rate
|<#ByMonthRainRateHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthMonthlyRainH>
|High Monthly Rainfall
|<#ByMonthMonthlyRainHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthHourlyRainH>
|High Hourly Rain
|<#ByMonthHourlyRainHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthDailyRainH>
|High Daily Rain
|<#ByMonthDailyRainHT>
|-
|<#ByMonthLongestDryPeriod>
|Longest Dry Period
|<#ByMonthLongestDryPeriodT>
|-
|<#ByMonthLongestWetPeriod>
|Longest Wet Period
|<#ByMonthLongestWetPeriodT>
|}
==Miscellaneous==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" |webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#LatestError>
|Displays the last error from the Cumulus error log. The value is cleared when you click the error light in Cumulus.<br />
Note: This tag displays ''all'' errors, even if they do not cause the error light to flash in Cumulus.
|-
|<#LatestErrorDate>
|The date of the latest error logged to the error log window, using the system short date format. Gives dashes when latest error is reset
|-
|<#LatestErrorTime>
|The time of the latest error logged to the error log window, using the system short time format. Gives dashes when latest error is reset
|-
|<#ErrorLight>
|1 if the 'error' light is flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#version>
|The version of Cumulus in use
|-
|<#build>
|The build of Cumulus in use
|-
|<#realtimeinterval>
|The realtime update interval in seconds
|-
|<#interval>
|The web site update interval in minutes
|-
|<#rollovertime>
|The time that the logs rollover to the next day: 'Midnight', '9 am' or '10 am'
|-
|<#update>
|The date and time of the last web site update
|-
|<#LastDataReadT>
|The date/time data was last read from the station
|-
|<#stationtype>
|The weather station [http://wiki.sandaysoft.com/a/Cumulus.ini#Section:_Station model] description (you choose what text appears for this on 'Display' settings screen within Configuration menu - the field is at the bottom left of that screen).
|-
|<#latitude>
|The station [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude latitude].
Supports an optional 'dp' parameter, if supplied, instead of the usual web-encoded text format with degrees/minutes/seconds, the result is in decimal degrees to the specified number of decimal places. E.g<br />
<#latitude> gives "N&nbsp;59& deg;&nbsp;14&#39;&nbsp;33&quot;" for N 59 14 33<br />
<#latitude dp=5> gives "59.24250"
If the "dp" parameter is supplied, then supplying "rc=y" in addition will cause any decimal comma to be converted to a decimal point.
|-
|<#longitude>
|The station [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude longitude]. Supports an optional 'dp' and 'rc' parameters as per the latitude tag.
|-
|<#altitude>
|The station [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude altitude]
|-
|<#location>
|The station location
|-
|<#longlocation>
|Longer description of the station location
|-
|<#forum>
|URL of the forum
|-
|<#webcam>
|URL of the webcam
|-
|<#graphperiod>
|The number of hours displayed by the graphs
|-
|<#snowdepth>
|Today's snow depth as entered manually in the Weather Diary. Normally in Centimeters.Output is purely as a numerical figure I.E 10
Configure in [[Cumulus.ini]] the hour when the snowdepth is updated e.g. ''SnowDepthHour=9'' means yesterday's figure applies until 9am.
|-
|<#currcond>
|Represents the value entered on the screen within Cumulus for the Current Weather condition, or the value as held in the [[currentconditions.txt]] file. Any reserved HTML characters are encoded as HTML entities
|-
|<#currcondenc>
|The same as <#currcond> but also has characters above code 159 encoded as HTML entities
|-
|<#chillhours>
|The number of 'chill hours' so far this season.
|-
|<#ConsecutiveRainDays>
|The number of days up to (but not including) today where it has rained every day. The threshold amount of rain required to determine a rain day is configurable via the RainDayThreshold setting in cumulus.ini, the units for the threshold are the same as your rain units
|-
|<#ConsecutiveDryDays>
|The number of days up to (but not including) today since it last rained. The threshold amount of rain required to determine a rain day is configurable via the RainDayThreshold setting in cumulus.ini the units for the threshold are the same as your rain units
|-
|<#WindRoseData>
|A comma-separated list of the wind 'totals' used to draw the wind rose (8 or 16 values)
|-
|<#WindRosePoints>
|The number of items in <#WindRoseData> (i.e. 8 or 16)
|-
|<#WindSampleCount>
|The number of wind samples making up the wind rose (etc) data (up to 3600)
|-
|<#LatestNOAAMonthlyReport>
|Gives file name of latest auto-saved NOAA monthly report
|-
|<#LatestNOAAYearlyReport>
|Gives file name of latest auto-saved NOAA yearly report
|}
==Day/Night/Sun/Moon==
These are updated each hour to refer to current calendar day
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#sunrise>
|Current sunrise time at the station
|-
|<#sunset>
|Current sunset time at the station
|-
|<#daylength>
|Length of day in hours and minutes (sunrise to sunset)
|-
|<#IsSunUp>
|A flag to indicate if the Sun is above the horizon or not, based on the sunrise and sunset times. Possible values are 0 or 1, where 1 is when the Sun is above the horizon for the station location.
|-
|<#dawn>
|Start of Civil Twilight at the station
|-
|<#dusk>
|End of Civil Twilight at the station
|-
|<#daylightlength>
|Length of daylight in hours and minutes (dawn to dusk)
|-
|<#isdaylight>
|A flag to indicate if the location for the station is in civil daylight or not, based on the dawn and dusk times. Possible values are 0 or 1, where 1 notes that it is currently within the hours of daylight.
|-
|<#tomorrowdaylength>
|A string giving an approximate predicted difference between the length of daylight today and tomorrow.
|-
|<#moonphase>
|Current [[Lunar phase|phase of the moon]]
|-
|<#MoonAge>
|Current '''approximate''' age of the Moon in days (0-29)
|-
|<#moonrise>
|Current moonrise time at the station (if moon rises on current calendar day)
|-
|<#moonset>
|Current moonset time at the station (if moon sets on current calendar day)
|-
|<#MoonPercent>
|Current percentage of moon visible (negative value indicates 'waning')
|-
|<#MoonPercentAbs>
|Current percentage of moon visible (always positive)
|-
|<#SunshineHours>
|Hours of sunshine so far today (Solar sensor needed)
|-
|<#YSunshineHours>
|Total hours of sunshine yesterday (Solar sensor needed)
|-
|<#CurrentSolarMax>
|[[FAQ#What_is_this_.22Solar_Max.22_value_which_Cumulus_is_displaying.3F | Current theoretical maximum solar radiation]]
|-
|<#IsSunny>
|Returns 1 if the sun is shining, otherwise 0 (Solar sensor needed)
|}
==Alarms==
There are a set of tags for the Cumulus alarm states. They give a value of '1' if an alarm parameter has been selected (Main Cumulus screen, Edit menu) and the alarm condition is still currently met; otherwise '0'.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" |webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#LowTempAlarm>
|Low temperature alarm
|-
|<#HighTempAlarm>
|High temperature alarm
|-
|<#TempChangeUpAlarm>
|Temperature increase alarm
|-
|<#TempChangeDownAlarm>
|Temperature decrease alarm
|-
|<#LowPressAlarm>
|Low pressure alarm
|-
|<#HighPressAlarm>
|High pressure alarm
|-
|<#PressChangeUpAlarm>
|Pressure increase alarm
|-
|<#PressChangeDownAlarm>
|Pressure decrease alarm
|-
|<#HighRainTodayAlarm>
|High rain today alarm
|-
|<#HighRainRateAlarm>
|High rainfall rate alarm
|-
|<#HighWindGustAlarm>
|High wind gust alarm
|-
|<#HighWindSpeedAlarm>
|High wind speed alarm
|-
|<#DataStopped>
|1 if the station has apparently stopped sending data to Cumulus, otherwise 0
|}
==Records==
There are a set of tags for the Cumulus record states. They give a value of '1' if the record has been exceeded; otherwise '0'.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" |webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#recordsbegandate>
|The date that the all time records began
|-
|<#newrecord>
|1 if 'new record' light is flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#TempRecordSet>
|1 if the indicator on the temperature tab on the all-time records screen is currently lit, 0 if not
|-
|<#WindRecordSet>
|1 if the indicator on the wind tab on the all-time records screen is currently lit, 0 if not
|-
|<#RainRecordSet>
|1 if the indicator on the rain tab on the all-time records screen is currently lit, 0 if not
|-
|<#HumidityRecordSet>
|1 if the indicator on the humidity tab on the all-time records screen is currently lit, 0 if not
|-
|<#PressureRecordSet>
|1 if the indicator on the pressure tab on the all-time records screen is currently lit, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighTempRangeRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high daily temperature range light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowTempRangeRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low daily temperature range light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighAppTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high apparent temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowAppTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low apparent temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighHeatIndexRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high heat index light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowWindChillRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low wind chill light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighDewPointRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high dew point light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowDewPointRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low dew point light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighMinTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high minimum temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowMaxTempRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low maximum temperature light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighWindGustRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high wind gust light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighWindSpeedRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high wind speed light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighRainRateRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high rain rate light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighHourlyRainRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high hourly rain light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighDailyRainRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high daily rain light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighMonthlyRainRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high monthly rain light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LongestDryPeriodRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time longest dry period light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LongestWetPeriodRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time longest wet period light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighHumidityRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high humidity light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowHumidityRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low humidity light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighPressureRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high pressure light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#LowPressureRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time low pressure light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|-
|<#HighWindrunRecordSet>
|1 if the all-time high wind run light is currently flashing, 0 if not
|}
==Extra Sensors==
These webtags hold current values for additional sensors supported by Cumulus. For past values, see the [[Extra_Sensor_Files]] page for information about log files.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px"|webtag
!style="width:600px"|The related description can be changed in 'strings.ini'
|-
|<#ExtraTemp1>
|Extra temperature channel 1
|-
|<#ExtraTemp2>
|Extra temperature channel 2
|-
|<#ExtraTemp3>
|Extra temperature channel 3
|-
|colspan="2"|... and so on up to <#ExtraTemp10> = Extra temperature channel 10
|-
|<#ExtraDP1>
|Extra dew point channel 1
|-
|<#ExtraDP2>
|Extra dew point channel 2
|-
|<#ExtraDP3>
|Extra dew point channel 3
|-
|colspan="2"|... and so on up to <#ExtraDP10>
|-
|<#ExtraHum1>
|Extra humidity channel 1
|-
|<#ExtraHum2>
|Extra humidity channel 2
|-
|<#ExtraHum3>
|Extra humidity channel 3
|-
|colspan="2"|... and so on up to <#ExtraHum10>
|-
|<#SoilTemp1>
|Soil temperature 1
|-
|<#SoilTemp2>
|Soil temperature 2
|-
|colspan="2"|... and so on up to <#SoilTemp4>
|-
|<#SoilMoisture1>
|Soil moisture 1
|-
|<#SoilMoisture2>
|Soil moisture 2
|-
|colspan="2"|... and so on up to <#SoilMoisture4>
|-
|<#LeafTemp1>
|Leaf temperature 1
|-
|<#LeafTemp2>
|Leaf temperature 2
|-
|<#LeafWetness1>
|Leaf wetness 1
|-
|<#LeafWetness2>
|Leaf wetness 2
|}
==Special tags==
===OS WMR Series===
There are a set of tags for the WMR928, WR100/200 extra sensors:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|n/a
|Now incorporated into the Extra Sensors section above
|}
===Davis===
There are a set of tags for the Davis PWS, Cumulus updates the values of the reception tags every 15 minutes:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#DavisTotalPacketsReceived>
|Total number of data packets received
|-
|<#DavisTotalPacketsMissed>
|Number of missed data packets
|-
|<#DavisNumberOfResynchs>
|Number of times the console resynchronised with the transmitter
|-
|<#DavisMaxInARow>
|Longest streak of consecutive packets received
|-
|<#DavisNumCRCerrors>
|Number of packets received with CRC errors
|-
|<#THWindex>
|A derived temperature using Temperature/Humidity/Wind values
|-
|<#THSWindex>
|A derived temperature using Temperature/Humidity/Solar/Wind values
|-
|<#DavisFirmwareVersion>
|The console firmware version
|-
|<#battery>
|The console battery condition in volts. eg "4.82v"
|-
|<#txbattery>
<#txbattery channel=1>
|The transmitter battery condition, by default it returns the status of all transmitters.
The optional 'channel' parameter returns the status for a particular transmitter, up to channel=8. The channel result is just the string "ok" or "LOW" for a low battery
|}
===Fine Offset===
The following tags are specific to the Fine Offset series of PWS
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#Light>
|Current Lux value "Fine Offset only"
|-
|<#SensorContactLost>
|1 if the station has lost contact with its remote sensors "Fine Offset only"
0 if contact has been established
|}
===System===
Special tags returning information about the system hosting Cumulus:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!style="width:150px" | webtag
!style="width:600px" | Function
|-
|<#OsVersion>
|OS version, e.g. "Windows 7 x64 build 7600"
|-
|<#OsLanguage>
|OS language, e.g. "English"
|-
|<#SystemUpTime>
|How long the system has been up, e.g. "8 hours 21 minutes"
|-
|<#ProgramUpTime>
|How long Cumulus has been running, e.g. "7 hours 55 minutes"
|-
|<#CpuName>
|CPU type, e.g. "Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40GHz"
|-
|<#CpuCount>
|Number of processors, e.g. "4"
|-
|<#MemoryStatus>
|Free and total system RAM, e.g. "4619/8191 MB (free/total)"
|-
|<#DisplayMode>
|Screen display mode, e.g. "1680x1050, 32 bit"
|-
|<#AllocatedMemory>
|Amount of memory allocated to Cumulus, e.g. "18.76 MB"
|-
|<#DiskSize>
|Size of disk on which Cumulus is running, e.g. "931.51 GB"
|-
|<#DiskFree>
|Free space on disk on which Cumulus is running, e.g. "515.36 GB"
|}
Sleet, snow, and hailstones may melt into water that can be counted by a rain gauge, although wind effects are perhaps more likely to distort measurements by blowing these forms of precipitation away before they get collected.
Snow can be recorded in Cumulus software using the [[Weather Diary]], it is a bit different to rain as snow depth is not automatically recorded; and the timing of snow falling and any detection on melting can be separated by several days.
===No Commas===
= Making comparable with official sites =
There are a set of tags where the decimal comma has been replaced with a full stop, where necessary, for use with gauges etc which don't like the commas. They all correspond to the same tag with 'RC' removed.
[http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/how/observations/rain-measure.shtml| This Austrailian web site gives some ideas]
[[Category:Terminology]]
<#RCdew> <#RCheatindex> <#RChum> <#RCinhum> <#RCintemp> <#RCpress> <#RCpressTH>
<#RCpressTL> <#RCrfall> <#RCrrate> <#RCrrateTM> <#RCtemp> <#RCtempTH> <#RCtempTL>
<#RCwchill> <#RCwgust> <#RCwgustTM> <#RCwspeed> <#RCwlatest> <#RCdewpointTH>
<#RCdewpointTL> <#RCwchillTL> <#RCheatindexTH> <#RCapptempTH> <#RCapptempTL>
<#RCRecentOutsideTemp> <#RCRecentWindSpeed> <#RCRecentWindGust> <#RCRecentWindLatest>
<#RCRecentWindChill> <#RCRecentDewPoint> <#RCRecentHeatIndex> <#RCRecentPressure>
<#RCRecentRainToday> <#RCRecentUV>
| 