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[[Category: WebTips]]
= Using PHP Hypertext Pre-processor =▼
= Incorporating Script =
There are various script languages that can be used to enhance what can be done in pure HTML as described on the [[Customised_templates|Customisation]] page.
The basics for content of this page were initiated by David Jamieson (DAJ) in various places in the Cumulus Wiki and support forum, his content has been assembled together, and built upon, for the current article.
== When to use JS (Javascript) and when to use PHP ? ==
*Using PHP is much faster (usually); as all the work, of deciding what to include on the web page, is done on the web-server (which should be fast) and only the resulting HTML is sent to the browser.
*JavaScript is slower as the initial page, then all the JS code, is sent to the browser; then code is executed on the PC, and then the page is updated.
*A user may have JS disabled, so you might need to consider how your page will work without it (see above).
*If you do not have PHP on your web-server you need to use JS!
== Using JavaScript ==
JavaScript comes in different versions, depending on the browser, generally it obeys the "ECMA-262 standard". Internet Explorer, especially old versions, offers jScript instead, and so there may be problems with writing code that all browsers can understand. Normally, you should include <noscript> ... </noscript> around some alternative HTML to be used when the browser does not offer JavaScript, or it has been switched off (for security reasons) by the user. So many sites do use JavaScript now that modern browsers like Firefox do not offer an easy way to turn JavaScript off.
Incidentally, Java is yet another programming language, and it is very different to JavaScript.
A quick comparison between pure HTML and HTML with JavaScript can be seen from [[Editing_content_of_a_webpage_using_either_HTML_or_Script|this example]]. Essentially, the Browser produces a page structure by reading the HTML, and then the browser will run the JavaScript instructions as it meets them (or a call to the separate file containing that code) and that can be interpreted to modify what is seen on the web page. A user can normally ask their browser to see the original HTML (display source) and to display the script that is modifying that. The user may be able to stop the script from running or run a different script, so JavaScript can have security implications. It can however be an advantage that code can be run easily to update part of a page, leaving the rest. A disadvantage is that different browsers may offer different versions of JavaScript, so the page designer cannot make assumptions about what JavaScript code will be available to all potential users.
==== What about Ajax? ====
Ajax is, in essence, a concept not a new language. It's basically JavaScript being used to request information, and it works in the background while you are viewing a page on the browser. The most common use is to use the script to update just one part of a web page without reloading the whole page, but that does require a greater technical level in script writing than a novice.
▲== Using PHP Hypertext Pre-processor ==
Original material by DAJ, but moved to this new page; on a former web-site he used PHP to generate his page, JavaScript to update his page frequently making use of information gathered using AJAX method and the jQuery library of JavaScript code to actually make his script browser independent - see [https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=5306 support forum].
Update by [[User:Sfws|Sfws]] ([[User talk:Sfws|talk]]) 17:18, 22 April 2015 (PDT) based on material formerly on Customised templates page.
Many web servers support the PHP scripting language, this means that the web server will parse the contents and obey all the script instructions to generate a pure HTML page that it forwards to a user agent (e.g. browser).
This Wiki article cannot teach you PHP, nor tell you if your web server supports it, but the examples below give a brief hint of how PHP can be used.▼
===
PHP regularly issues new versions, with major and minor upgrades. If you are writing a PHP script, ensure that your development server, and whichever production server might run your script, use the same version, or that you only use features that are common to both versions. If somebody else runs your web server, or you are writing a script for somebody else to use, you need to track what PHP version they use. But since the PHP parser creates a HTML page to pass to each user, it does not matter what any end-user has on their device for viewing the resulting web page.
There are volumes of information available on writing PHP scripts, both in your local bookshop, or library, and on the web. Some of these books cover a database query language and maybe running a web server as well as PHP.
*Easy lessons on [http://www.w3schools.com/php/ W3 school]
*Reference tutorial on [http://php.net/manual/en/tutorial.php Getting Started] (php.net).
▲However, below is a basic introduction to understanding and writing your own PHP to generate your web-page. This Wiki article cannot teach you PHP because it includes a very large number of functions, nor can I tell you if your web server supports
One possible advantage of this type of script is that by default the script cannot be seen (unless the developer has added some code ([https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=16425 see this forum topic]) allowing a query-string to be added to the url asking for some or all of the PHP source to be shown to the browser). This makes for a more secure script, because it only runs on the web site server. For instance if information is read from a database or in another way involves a password of some kind, all that code can be hidden, the end-user then has no way to modify the script to get information that should not be seen by others. A disadvantage is that it can be more complicated to update information on a page, requiring the whole page to be regenerated. (Consequently, a mix of scripts may be used with updating by AJAX or JSON, added to the PHP that generates the basic page. That is beyond the scope of this article).
=== Using PHP in Cumulus templates ===
This approach incorporates some PHP script in a page that still contains Cumulus web tags so still requires processing by Cumulus.
This is suitable when you have been using Cumulus and its standard web site. Sine then you have gained some grasp of [[Stylesheets]], some grasp of [[Customised_templates#HTML_5_-_a_very_quick_guide_to_structure|HTML]] and now want to try PHP, but do not want a big redesign of your set-up.
*
*
*Now change the file extension to ".php" so that the PHP pre-processor will parse the file, before it is passed to the browser as a HTML page.
*The php script might be used for a decision more complicated than the [[Webtags_as_boolean_operators_in_HTML|boolean options]] that can be achieved just with standard HTML.
==== An example of a Cumulus template using PHP ====
▲This approach incorporates some PHP script in a page that still contains Cumulus web tags so still requires processing by Cumulus. This is suitable when you want to try PHP, but do not want a big redesign of your set-up.
▲*The file still contains the HTML shown at the start of this page, indeed it might be a simple edit of a standard cumulus template.
▲*It still contains Cumulus web tags, but as it is no longer a standard page, it has to be listed on the ''Files'' tab of the '''Internet''' screen within the 'Configuration' menu; the remote file name must have the extension ".php" so that the PHP processor will parse the file, before it is passed to the browser as a HTML page.
▲*The php script might be used for a decision more complicated than the [[Webtags_as_boolean_operators_in_HTML|boolean options]] that can be achieved just with standard HTML. For example, in the UK vehicle headlights must be used between half-an hour after sunset to half-an-hour before sunrise, so maybe you want to modify a standard "xxxxT.htm" page that is currently processed into "xxxx.htm". Change it to be processed into "xxxx.php" instead and incorporate 2 new chunks of code:
<pre>
<?php // start of PHP script
<tr>
<th title="Darkness times calculated by PHP">Darkness starts</th>
<td><?
?></td>▼
</tr><tr>
<th>Darkness ends</th>
<td><?
</tr>
</pre>
This example shows that PHP instructions can be inserted into a normal HTML page simply by preceding the PHP instructions by the tag <?php, you then return to HTML using the tag ?>. All PHP instructions end in a semicolon (;) and to concatenate two strings you use full stop (.) so to concatenate something extra to an existing string you use full stop equals (.=). If the instruction is simply to place the contents of a PHP variable into HTML, the standard is to precede the PHP variable by <?=. Normally, PHP variables use names that start with dollar sign ($). Comments may be inserted into PHP code in several ways, but double slash (//) is used for annotations where you want the instruction before to be processed, but then the PHP parser should ignore everything after the double slash in the same line.
Incidentally, do look at the Cumulus FAQ or [[Webtags#Day.2FNight.2FSun.2FMoon|web tags]] where what Cumulus reports as Sunrise time is explained as the last one before any midnight GMT, and what it reports as Sunset time refers to that occurring after the midnight GMT, so they are frequently on different days.
If you want sunrise, sunset, darkness start, and darkness end to all refer to the same day, you will probably choose to use PHP functions for sunrise, sunset rather than Cumulus web tags. The example above was just to show what can be done, not what you should do!
#A more efficient approach, this is a bigger implementation change, is to set Cumulus to process just [[Php_webtags| something like this file]] to create PHP variables/arrays from the Cumulus web tags you want to use.▼
#Then you create a new PHP script that does not get processed by Cumulus. For example "thismonth.php" would start with the same HTML5 as shown above, but the table is output by the PHP script:▼
=== Using PHP scripts not processed by Cumulus ===
▲#A more efficient approach, this is a bigger implementation change, is to set Cumulus to process just [[Php_webtags| something like this file]] to read the Cumulus web tags you want to use (some may have parameters to indicate what period to use or how to format the date they output) and then the processed file will create PHP variables/arrays
▲#Then you create a new PHP script that does not get processed by Cumulus. For example "thismonth.php" would start with the same HTML5 as
<pre>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
....
</
Note that only excerpts from the code are shown.
<pre>
<th>Rainfall (Highest Hourly)</th>
<td><?= $hourlyrainTH;?>
<td>
<?php
if($hourlyrainTH) echo $ThourlyrainTH;
?>
</pre>
=== Other PHP examples ===
PHP is commonly used with a database, Cumulus MX can append log data to a database, and so PHP will enhance what you can do with web pages. Even if you are using Cumulus 1 you may load the [[dayfile.txt|daily summary log file]] (and possibly other log files) into a database. See [[Daily_Summary]] article for several PHP scripts that can be used if you have a table with daily summary values on your database.
The support forum includes many ideas for using PHP code, here are just a couple of them that are easy to implement:
#[https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=8631&p=71770 compare yesterday with one year ago page]
#[https://cumulus.hosiene.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=10755 Top Ten Records page]
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